Divers taught to preserve secrets in old shipwrecks
About 18 metres below the sea off Rayong province, 15 divers from seven countries are exploring a wooden shipwreck.
The exploration is part of Unesco's six-week training on underwater cultural heritage preservation.
The divers are from Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Thailand.
They have been picked for an underwater heritage protection programme organised by the United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (Unesco) and the Fine Arts Department's Underwater Archaeology Division (UAD) which runs from Oct 26 to Dec 6.
A participant in the six-week training on underwater cultural heritage preservation shows a piece of ancient artifact found at an underwater archaeological site in Rayong.
PHOTOCOURTESY OF UNESCO.
Division head Erbprem Vatcharangkul said Thailand has 64 underwater archaeological sites. He said all of them, especially those in shallow water, were under threat from treasure hunters.
Protection of the sites required well-trained staff and cooperation from local people, including fishermen.
Other countries in the Asia-Pacific region face similar problems which prompted Unesco to set up the regional field training centre to promote underwater heritage protection in the region and to exchange conservation information.
The centre plans to hold four training courses. The course in Rayong was the first.
Trainees will be taught by experts from Australia, the Netherlands and Thailand.
"The participants will be trained in underwater archaeology protection from basic to advanced levels, both in theory and practice," Mr Erbprem said.
On the 15th day of the course, the trainees were assigned to dive to a depth of 18 metres to measure the length, width and height of a wooden shipwreck which was found two nautical miles west of Koh Mannok, off Rayong's Klaeng district.
"The boat structure and some ancient coins which were found at the site could [reveal] the age of the sunken boat which belonged to the early period of King Rama VI [early last century]," he said.
"This shipwreck is another piece of the jigsaw that will help give a clear picture of history."
The official called on fishermen to help safeguard the archaeological site by stopping their use of destructive fishing practices in the area.
He said the government should also ratify the 2001 Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage for better protection of the country's underwater heritage from commercial exploitation.
Nudy Phann, 38, deputy director-general of the General Department of Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts in Cambodia, who took part in the training, said he believed his country had several underwater archaeological sites, but only one shipwreck had been discovered so far.
"No one has yet studied the shipwreck," he said. "We don't have expertise, equipment, or sufficient knowledge to explore underwater cultural heritage - that is why I am here to attend the training.
"Underwater cultural heritage is new for my country even though we ratified the convention in 2007.
"I am happy to be here and when I go back to my country I plan to set up a team to start surveying shipwrecks."
Thai trainee Duangpond Kanya Singhasanee, 29, a graduate student from Silpakorn University's historical archaeology faculty, said the training was extraordinary because participants were allowed to visit sites which were normally hard to reach.
Ms Duangpond is a diving master and had visited several archaeological sites.
"This training has inspired me to work in the field of underwater archaeology," she said.
Cross-border migration and trafficking are, once again, the focus of intense scrutiny in Southeast Asia. There is a very rapidly increasing number and frequency of informally and illegally migrating persons and the goods they transport and consume. The area of the present research, undertaken during 2009, is currently known as the Quadrangle (Quadripartite) Economic Cooperation Zone, or the Golden Quadrangle. It has been targeted as a special economic cooperation zone, comprising Yunnan Province of China, Luang Nam Tha Province of Northern Laos, Shan State of Northern Myanmar, and Chiang Rai Province of Northern Thailand. The scope of this localisation of small-scale manufacturing and production, and of its logistics—cross-border informal and illegal transport—is vast. The goods surveyed in this research were agriculture products, including herbicides, fertilisers, and pesticides whose contents were unknown or clearly toxic beyond the regionally-agreed standard; there is special reference to illegal logging and timber trafficking from the same regions. The research team consisted of five individuals: the present author, an environmental chemist from Japan, one environmental chemist from Taiwan, a social scientist from Taiwan, and an economist from Myanmar.
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